The Ear

The ear is divided into three distinct sections: the inner ear, the middle ear, and the outer ear. These sections work together to enable us to hear and maintain our balance. While the ear is an amazing organ, it also has its share of infections (called otitis) and diseases. Infections, particularly in young children and infants, can occur frequently.

• Middle ear infections (otitis media) Middle ear infections are common forms of ear infections that affect children in much greater numbers than adults.
  
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• Inner ear infections Inner ear infections that affect the cochlea, result in hearing problems, such as ringing in the ears (tinnitus) or hearing loss. Infections that affect the vestibular system result in dizziness and difficulty with vision and/or balance.
  
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• Outer ear infections (otitus externa) An infection of the outer ear is most commonly referred to as "swimmer's ear." The infection is found in the outer ear canal as it leads to the ear drum.
  
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• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) This condition affects an estimated 50 million adults in the U.S. While for most people, tinnitus is simply annoying, for others it can be more disabling.
  
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• Swimmer's ear (otitis externa) See above description of outer ear infections.
  
  
• Perforated eardrum Perforated eardrums (also called "ruptured eardrums") are usually caused either by infection or injury. These holes usually heal on their own, but occasionally need treatment.
  
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• Meniere's disease Also known as "idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops," Meniere's disease is one of the most common causes of dizziness originating in the inner ear. It usually affects people between the ages of 20 and 50.
  
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• Cholesteatoma This condition is an abnormal skin growth in the middle ear. It affects hearing and may also cause dizziness and muscle weakness on one side of the face. It is typically related to poor eustachian tube drainage and the resulting pressure that builds up in the middle ear. Cholesteatoma should not be ignored and may require surgery to remove the growth.
  
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